Seismic risk assessment is necessary for designing effective seismic risk mitigation measures. In general, such risk assessment studies consist of three components: hazard, vulnerability, and exposure modelling. Review of seismic hazard models is done together with a building classification and building taxonomies. Building damage patterns reported in past earthquakes were reviewed as a basis for damage classification. Also the work on the vulnerability model and fragility functions is done. For this purpose different approaches are used: numerical models and analysis, rapid assessment methods and machine learning algorithms.