The focus of this research filed is the analysis of the behavior of masonry structures under the effects of earthquakes, which is of great importance because in most city centers in Europe and the world, masonry buildings are the dominant type of construction. Considering that, it is very important to examine the behavior of masonry buildings (both unreinforced and confined), which will be carried out within this filed, starting from the analysis of the behavior at the level of walls and their components (bricks/blocks, mortar and connections). For this purpose, detailed micro-models as well as global macro-models will be used, as well as experimental tests of walls (by static or cyclic loading) or structures on the shaking table, different types of blocks (hollow, concrete, solid brick, AAC, made of recycled materials, etc.) and mortar. The results of the analysis will be used as a basis for recommendations for designing and strengthening existing masonry buildings (using carbon strips, mesh and other modern materials whose behavior is tested and analyzed within this research topic).